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#citation checking

A university periodicals room with tall journal shelves, printed article pages on a standing counter, and a person checking a serials display.

Guidescitation checking7 min read

How to Check Whether an Article Was Corrected or Retracted Before You Cite It

Check the publisher record, linked notices, DOI, and Crossmark so a correction or retraction does not distort your citation.

Overhead view in a university journal mailroom of three trays holding edited manuscript pages, an accepted manuscript packet, and a bound journal issue.

Explainerscitation checking6 min read

Preprint, Accepted Manuscript, or Published Article: Which Version Should You Cite?

Learn how preprints, accepted manuscripts, and published articles differ, and choose the version that supports your citation.

A university microforms room with microfilm readers, a printed journal article, a request slip, and a blue archive box.

Explainerscitation checking7 min read

Secondary Citations Explained: Referencing a Source Quoted in Another Source

What a secondary citation means, when to use one, and how to show readers which source you actually consulted.

A university photocopy room with a student sorting marked printed pages into trays on a counter beside a copier.

Guidescitation checking7 min read

How to Find Uncited Source-Dependent Claims in Your Draft

A sentence-by-sentence citation audit for finding claims learned from sources, even after the wording, numbers, and quotations have changed.

A public map room with flat-file drawers, a folded map, a printed table sheet, a catalogue card, and a red file folder on a rolling cart.

Guidescitation checking7 min read

How to Check Tables, Figure Captions, and Footnotes for Missing Attribution

Use a focused pre-submission workflow to find missing attribution in tables, figures, captions, image credits, and footnotes.

A university archive aisle with rolling shelves, an open bound journal, a document tray, and archival folders.

Guidescitation checking7 min read

How to Verify a Direct Quote Against the Original Source

Check every direct quote against its source, including wording, omissions, emphasis, locators, and the claim it supports.

A commuter on a train seat checks a printed reference list beside a paperback, pencil, phone, canvas bag, and cobalt notebook.

Guidescitation checking7 min read

How to Verify DOIs, URLs, and Publication Dates in Your Reference List

Check every reference link against its source, resolve date conflicts, and record precise fixes before you submit your draft.

A hand with a pencil checks a printed reference list against a stack of open books on a library table under a green lamp.

Generalcitation checking7 min read

How to Check That Every Citation Has a Matching Reference

A two-pass method for finding missing references, unused entries, and citation mismatches before you submit your paper.